Vocabulary Unit 2

• Alluvial plain: It is a flat, fertile area where the river deposits sediment.
• Archipelago: It is a group of islands.
• Basin: It is natural depression, or low areas of land. Some are below sea level.
• Bay: It is a small gulf.
• Beach: It is a flat coastal area.
• Canyon: It is a deep channel with steep walls.
• Cape: It is a part of the coast which extends into the sea.
• Cliff: They are steep rock formations in high coastal areas.
• Continental Drift: It is a new theory. There was only continent, which broke up millions of years ago. (Pangaea).
• Continental shelf: It is a place near coastlines. These shelves are vast plateaus which reach of 150 metres.
• Continental slope: It is a place to lead down to the deeper part of oceans.
• Core: It is the deepest layer of the Earth. The core is part solid and part liquid.
• Crater: It is the upper of volcano when magma comes out.
• Crust: It is the surface layer of the Earth. It is a thin, solid layer made of rock.
• Delta: It is a triangular area at the mouth of a river.
• Earthquake:It is caused by plate tectonics. When two plates crash, there is a release of energy that makes the ground vibrate. This vibration is an earthquake.
• Erosion: It is the fragmentation and dissolution of rocks, soil and mud, which is transported by wind or water.
• Estuary: It is the part of a river where it meets the sea.
• Fault: They are blocks rise or sink.
• Fluvial erosion: the rivers erode materials, and create deep valleys and canyons.
• Fold: They are created when the Earth’s surface undulates where plates collide.
• Gulf: It is a large area of a sea or ocean partially enclosed by land.
• Island: It is an area of land surrounded by water on all sides.
• Isthmus: It connects a peninsula to a continent.
• Lava: It is magma comes out of a volcano.
• Lower course: It is down part the river.
• Lower mantle: It is the intermediate layer. It has a depth of 700 to 3,000 km.
• Magma: It is molten rock. It is a very hot material that comes out when a volcano is an opening.
• Mantle: It is the intermediate layer of the Earth. This layer is almost 85% of the Earth’s volume.
• Marine Erosion: waves and currents wear away coasts and create cliffs. The water transports the sediment and deposits it. It forms beaches.
• Middle course:It is a middle part the river.
• Mountain: They are high landforms with steep sides.
• Mountain range: It is a group of mountains.
• Ocean Ridge: It is a large mountain range in the ocean floor .
• Ocean Trench: They are large, deep depressions in the ocean floor.
• Peninsula: It is an area of land surrounded by water on all sides except one.
• Pipe: It is a part of volcano through the magma rises.
• Plain: They are low, flat areas of land.
• Plateau: They are large, raised plains.
• Sediment: They are the erosion’s materials which rests on a basin.
• Solution: water dissolves some rocks, such as limestone, producing unusual caves and landscapes.
• Tectonic Plate: They are the different plates the Earth’s crust. It is a theory
• Tsunami: It is an earthquake on the ocean floor.
• Upper course: It is  the high part in  a river.
• Upper mantle: this is a  layer of the Earth that  has a depth of 70 to 700 km. It is below the crust.
• Valley:It is an area of low land between mountains.
• Volcano:It is an opening in the surface of the Earth through which very hot material comes out.
• Waterfall: It is a section of a river where the water falls vertically.