Explain the following terms:"Polis", Aristocracy, colony.
Different types of Poleis
What were the causes and consequences of greek overseas expansion?
What were the differences between a Greek polis and a colony? What were the similarities?
Using the page 162 in your book.
Where it is Greece?
What are the geographical features of Greece?
What do you know about the physical Greece map?
Names the seas which are surrounding Greece.
Main islands in the Greek seas.
What is today the capital of Greece?
How did the mountains affect life in Greece?
How did the sea help the Greek economy?
Why did the Greeks learn trading with other peoples?
What periods does the history of Greece have?
Mummification was done to preserve the body because the soul and the ka meet and live again. The practice started in the pre dynastic period with the change from simple desert burials, which preserved the body naturally, to burial in coffins. Although the coffins protected the bodies from the attacks of animals they encouraged decomposition. Then the Egyptians developed a technique to maintain the bodies. The essential steps in mummification were removing the viscera, dehydrating the body with natron, treating it with resin, wrapping them in strips of linen, or bandages, and finally decorating it. The ceremonial aspects were considered crucial, and the procedure took about seventy days. Today we call this process mummification
TASK:
• What was the purpose of natron?
• About how many days did the process of natron take?
• Why do you think they preserved some organs?
• Why was the brain discarded?
• What did they wrap the body with?
• How did Egyptians mourn the dead?
• What was mummification for? Highlight the correct answer.
a) For the after life. Egyptians believed in a second life.
b) Because they liked it.
c) Because they wanted to preserve the body.
• What was natron for?
a) For cooking. It is very useful.
b) Mineral salts, very useful for mummification.
c) To throw it into the water.
• What was ka?
a) Ka was a fly.
b) Ka was the spiritual part of the body.
c) Ka was the soul of the Pharaoh
• Now describe the process of mummification. There are five main steps.
a) First of all they removed the viscera.
b)
c)
d)
• How long did all the process take?
• What kind of burial do you think the farmers had?
• Link the sentences from the column A to column B A B
1 How many days was the body covered with salt? a-The heart.
2 Which organ was not removed? b-A salt used to dry the body.
3 What bandages did the Egyptians use? c-Palm wine.
4 What is natron? d-The mummy organs’ jars.
5 What were the canopic jars? e-Linen strips.
6 What wine was used to clean the body? f-35/40 days
• Which step to step comes in the sequence before to burial?
a. The body is placed in a coffin.
b. The body is wrapped in linen bandages.
c. The coffin is placed in a tomb.
d. Organs are removed from the body
King Tut Was Murdered 
King Tut became king when he was approximately 8-9 years old. Evidence suggests that he was around 18- 19 years old when he died. This is, obviously, a young age to die. Howard Carter, an archaeologist who discovered King Tut�s tomb in 1922, also discovered his mummy. Current technology such as x-rays shows a huge bump on his head and bone fragments in his skull. Because of the physical evidence, the huge bump on his head and with the blood clot found there, King Tut was definitely murdered.
Writing
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Pharaohs
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River civilizations
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Papyrus
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Civil servant
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Old kingdom
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Hierarchical society
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Middle kingdom
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Cuneiform writing
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New kingdom
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Hammmurabi
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Thebes
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Sumerian period
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Menphis
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slaves
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Polytheistic
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ziggurats
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Afterlife
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Flooded and dams
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Pyramids
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Mummy
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Sarcophagus
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Hieroglyphics
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scribe
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MESOPOTAMIA: THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION
